Summary of discordant results between rapid diagnosis tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for detecting Plasmodium mixed infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Summary of discordant results between rapid diagnosis tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for detecting Plasmodium mixed infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are widely used to detect malaria parasites in patients with suspected infection of malaria in malaria-endemic areas where microscopy is not available. However, little is known about RDT performance in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections. This study aimed to evaluate the discordant results between RDTs and microscopy chain reaction / polymerase (PCR) in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections. The PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed to identify relevant studies reporting RDT performance in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections.
Studies are grouped according to the type of RDT different included RDT type 2 (pf-HRP2 / pan-aldolase), RDT type 3 (pf-HRP2 / pan-pLDH), the type of RDT 4 (Pf-LDH / pan-pLDH), RDT type 5 (pf / Pv-pLDH), and the RDT type 6 (pf-HRP2 / Pv-pLDH) for subgroup analysis. Estimates of different proportions in each group that visually analyzes are summarized in forest plots showed an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The plot is drawn using RevMan (version 5.3; Cochrane Community). Twenty-eight studies were included in this study. Overall, the meta-analysis showed that RDTs can detect significantly higher proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium microscope (p = 0.0007, OR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.66 to 6.68).
subgroup analysis showed that only Pf RDT-specific targeting the histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) / pan-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can detect significantly higher proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium microscope (p = 0.004, OR = 8.46, 95 % CI 2.75 to 26.1). Subgroup analyzes between RDTs and PCR showed that the RDT targeting specific LDH-HRP2 Pf / Pv-specific can detect significantly lower proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium than PCR methods (p = 0.0005, OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0 , 26-.68). This is the first study to summarize the discordant results between RDTs and microscopy / PCR in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections.
Malaria RDT-HRP2 targeting Pf / pan-pLDH can detect a higher proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium microscope, while RDT-HRP2 targeting Pf / Pv-specific LDH can detect a lower proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium than the PCR method. The results of this study will support the careful selection and interpretation of RDT for better diagnosis of Plasmodium species mixed infections and appropriate treatment of malaria patients in the setting endemic and non-endemic.
Summary of discordant results between rapid diagnosis tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for detecting Plasmodium mixed infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rare cases of pancreatic Tuberculosis Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration and Polymerase Chain Reaction
Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is a very rare condition even in endemic areas of the world where the disease is considered highly unusual. Presenting feature is usually vague and radiological equipped mimic pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancies.
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We present a case of military men 26 years on, comes from Virginia who has no past medical history who presented to the ED with a history of two weeks of abdominal pain, increased nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite, increased her dark urine, and feces pale colored. Outstanding physical examination for abdominal pain, jaundice the conjunctiva as well as the public. The results superb laboratory for total bilirubin 4.7 mg / dL, direct bilirubin 3.9 mg / dL, and alkaline phosphatase of 583 U / L CT scan carried out showed dilatation of the intrahepatic and sudden obstruction of the bile duct at the mass level ,
