Summary of discordant results between rapid diagnosis tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for detecting Plasmodium mixed infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Summary of discordant results between rapid diagnosis tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for detecting Plasmodium mixed infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are widely used to detect malaria parasites in patients with suspected infection of malaria in malaria-endemic areas where microscopy is not available. However, little is known about RDT performance in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections. This study aimed to evaluate the discordant results between RDTs and microscopy chain reaction / polymerase (PCR) in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections. The PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed to identify relevant studies reporting RDT performance in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections.
Studies are grouped according to the type of RDT different included RDT type 2 (pf-HRP2 / pan-aldolase), RDT type 3 (pf-HRP2 / pan-pLDH), the type of RDT 4 (Pf-LDH / pan-pLDH), RDT type 5 (pf / Pv-pLDH), and the RDT type 6 (pf-HRP2 / Pv-pLDH) for subgroup analysis. Estimates of different proportions in each group that visually analyzes are summarized in forest plots showed an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The plot is drawn using RevMan (version 5.3; Cochrane Community). Twenty-eight studies were included in this study. Overall, the meta-analysis showed that RDTs can detect significantly higher proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium microscope (p = 0.0007, OR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.66 to 6.68).
subgroup analysis showed that only Pf RDT-specific targeting the histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) / pan-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can detect significantly higher proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium microscope (p = 0.004, OR = 8.46, 95 % CI 2.75 to 26.1). Subgroup analyzes between RDTs and PCR showed that the RDT targeting specific LDH-HRP2 Pf / Pv-specific can detect significantly lower proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium than PCR methods (p = 0.0005, OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0 , 26-.68). This is the first study to summarize the discordant results between RDTs and microscopy / PCR in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections.
Malaria RDT-HRP2 targeting Pf / pan-pLDH can detect a higher proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium microscope, while RDT-HRP2 targeting Pf / Pv-specific LDH can detect a lower proportion of mixed infections of Plasmodium than the PCR method. The results of this study will support the careful selection and interpretation of RDT for better diagnosis of Plasmodium species mixed infections and appropriate treatment of malaria patients in the setting endemic and non-endemic.
Summary of discordant results between rapid diagnosis tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for detecting Plasmodium mixed infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rare cases of pancreatic Tuberculosis Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration and Polymerase Chain Reaction
Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is a very rare condition even in endemic areas of the world where the disease is considered highly unusual. Presenting feature is usually vague and radiological equipped mimic pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancies.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitativecompetitive ELISA kit for measuring Goat vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativecompetitive ELISA kit for measuring Goat vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Plant Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from planttissues. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Plant Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from planttissues. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Human Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Human Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Rat Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Rat Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Bovine Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Bovine Vitamin B12, VB12 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Bovine Vitamin B12,VB12 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Bovine Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Bovine Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Bovine Vitamin B12 (VB12) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Description of target: It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production. Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive Immunoassay;Sensitivity: < 0.749 pg/mL
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Description of target: It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production. Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.051 ng/mL
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Description of target: It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production. Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive Immunoassay;Sensitivity: < 1.498 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production. Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.;Species reactivity: Rat;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive Immunoassay;Sensitivity: < 0.299 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production. Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.;Species reactivity: Bovine;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive Immunoassay;Sensitivity: < 0.299 pg/mL
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of General Vitamin B12 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Vitamin B12 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin C in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin C in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin C in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin D in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin D in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin D in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Vitamin B2 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
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We present a case of military men 26 years on, comes from Virginia who has no past medical history who presented to the ED with a history of two weeks of abdominal pain, increased nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite, increased her dark urine, and feces pale colored. Outstanding physical examination for abdominal pain, jaundice the conjunctiva as well as the public. The results superb laboratory for total bilirubin 4.7 mg / dL, direct bilirubin 3.9 mg / dL, and alkaline phosphatase of 583 U / L CT scan carried out showed dilatation of the intrahepatic and sudden obstruction of the bile duct at the mass level ,
